5 Interesting Concepts you probably didn’t know about the Universe The Universe that we inhabit is a mysterious, incomprehensible place that is so baffling at times that we fail to understand its underlying beauty and symmetry that impregnates it. Here are some of science’s most recent breakthroughs and discoveries. Some of them may seem incredible, but they are all valid scientific theories or proven concepts. 1.We cannot observe the vast majority of the Universe. 95 % of the Universe is presumed to be made up of dark energy or dark matter, which have both yet to be observed by scientists. Dark matter does not emit or reflect light or any other electromagnetic radiation, so is nearly impossible to be detected via optical or radio astronomy. Dark energy is more mysterious still, being a hypothetical form of energy to account for acceleration of the Universe. 2.The Universe is flat. The Universe is an infinite flat shape. This theory was popularised when the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) confirmed the existing knowledge with a 0.5% margin for error. Other shapes that have been considered are the spherical or hyperbolical universe, but these are now considered to be unlikely based on observations. 3.Our Universe is one among the many. The Universe has been widely accepted to be part of the multiverse, a hypothetical set of universes that together comprise everything that exists and that can exist. The main hypothesis is that there are six types of ‘bubble universes’ that have different physical constants to our universe. This concept has been proposed to explain why our Universe seems to be fine-tuned for life as we experience it. Our universe is one in the near-infinite possibilities that emerged parallel to ours. 4.The Universe as we know it will one day end. There are many theories surrounding the ultimate fate of the Universe, but nearly all scientifically accepted scenarios agree on one point: there is a point in time where our universe will cease to exist as we know it. We do not know whether this will be a result of a ‘Big Freeze’, where heat will become evenly distributed across an ever-expanding universe, or whether the Universe itself (in terms of the multiverse) will never cease to exist, and that our Universe is simply one in an infinite number of simultaneous Big Bangs, ever propagating outwards to infinity. 5.There exist more than our four traditional dimensions. Our universe is made up of vibrating, hyper-energetic strings that exist in every dimension. Intriguingly, this theory predicts a greater number of dimensions than four, and that a certain number of these dimensions have been compacted and rolled up so that they are unobservable to current scientific means. This theory has yet to yield any quantitative results, and is still undergoing development. However, it is one of the main contenders for the Theory of Everything, a hypothetical theory that could unite the entirety of physics (quantum and general relativity). Not only do these recent scientific breakthroughs have incredible implications on how we perceive the universe, but they mean humans are closer than ever to solving the mysteries that have puzzled scientists for millennia and continue to today. Physics is relevant to all of us, because the beauty of the universe is all around us, and we can only truly appreciate its immensity and symmetry if we begin to understand what the universe really is. credit to olleycj.hubpages.com The Universe that we inhabit is a mysterious, incomprehensible place that is so baffling at times that we fail to understand its underlyin... Read more »
Top Physics Theories You Should Know Here I aim to lay down 10 of the key theories and notion in Physics - chosen simply by the ones I believe are the most interesting and important. They are in no particular order and there are many theories I could well have included but to prevent this article stretching on too long, i have chosen to stick to 10. 1) Newton’s Law of Gravitation One of the most powerful ideas in Physics, Newton’s revelation of ‘gravity’ still stands centuries after it was formed (be it slightly modified by Einstein’s theory of General Relativitiy). The notion supposedly came to him after seeing an apple fall from a tree, whether this is true or not we will never know but he came to the conclusion that all objects are attracted to each other through gravity which is affected by mass. The strength of the force is affected by the mass of the objects involved, and both objects are attracted to each other – the apple is pulled towards the Earth but at the same time the Earth is pulled towards the apple. It is only because the Earth’s mass is so much greater that we do not notice the latter. His ‘Inverse square law’ explains how the strength of the gravity decreases by the square of the distance from the object. So if you were twice the distance from the Earth, gravity would be 4x weaker. His theory suddenly explained the motion of the planets and tides. 2) The Big Bang Theory Unlike some of the others, it is quite probable you know a fair bit about the big bang theory already - the idea that the universe was created in a colossal explosion creating all space, matter and time. The corresponding ‘Big crunch’ theory is less well known – the idea that the universe will eventually collapse in on itself to form a massive black hole and perhaps restart again. One key observation led to the formation of the big bang theory. Edwin Hubble noticed in the 1920’s that all galaxies he could observe appeared to be moving away from us – he could tell this because they were ‘red-shifted’ or the light from them was travelling slower making it appear red. From this it seemed rational to conclude that the universe was expanding and if you know the universe is expanding it seems probable that it originated from one point – the Big Bang. To give you some idea of what kind of ‘explosion’ the big bang was, 10 picoseconds after the explosion – about as close as we can predict conditions without breaking all know physics principles, temperatures were around 1-2 quadrillion Kelvin. All matter was compressed into on infinitely dense point and expanded faster than the speed of light. From this physicists can see 3 alternate scenarios for the universe. Eventually the expansion of the universe is slowed by the universes own gravity until it collapse in on it self – a closed universe. Secondly, gravity proves to be too weak and the universe continues to expand forever until it becomes cold and all stars die – an open universe. And lastly gravity is exactly right and balances in a non-changing universe. This is all confused even further when we note that the universe is actually expanding at an ever faster rate meaning some other force must be acting upon it which we yet to understand. 3) Dark Matter Scientists have calculated that there is a vast discrepancy between between the amount of mass in existance in the universe and the amount of gravity that must be holding the universe together. From this it is believed that the visible matter in the universe accounts for less than 10% of the universes mass and the remaining 90% is made up by 'Dark Matter' - a mysterious hypothetical material that can not be observed as normal matter can. There is very little evidence for 'Dark matter' but it has been observed through the effect it has on distorting light from distant stars over vast distances. There is much dispute over what dark matter really is. 4) Relativity Einstein's General Theory of Relativity preposed that gravity causes space to curve around it, distorting the space around a mass and warping it, much like an object on a bed sheet would distort and bend the sheet around it. Some of the things this explains and descibes include: The fact that time is slower in higher gravities. Light can bend due to gravity, despite having no mass. How an object drags the space time around it along. This has some fairly remarkable ideas, for example, it states that if you were to leave the solar system in a space craft traveling close to the speed of light, time would pass so much slower for you that you would in fact arrive back at earth, having aged only 50 years or so, to find billions of years had passed. This is experienced all the time in every day life but is not noticeable, for example, you step off an aircraft after a long flight up to a second younger than if you had never flown. credit to hellodave.hubpages.com Here I aim to lay down 10 of the key theories and notion in Physics - chosen simply by the ones I believe are the most interesting and im... Read more »
Incredible Animal Camouflage The Elusive Leopard A leopard takes camouflage to a whole new level. Can you spot it? Hint: It's near the base of the tree. This photo was taken in the wildlife of Kruger National Park, Transvaal, South Africa. American Pika The American pika is a small furry mammal that's distantly related to the rabbit. Now that you have that information, can you find it hiding here in the Cascade Mountain range in Washington? Cheetah The cheetah hides among sand and long grass, concealed from its unsuspecting prey. This photo was taken in the Kalahari Desert, South Africa. Giraffe Somewhere in this photo is a giraffe. We're still not sure where. Can you spot it? Now that's what we call brilliant camouflage. Stick Insect The stick insect is called that because its body is long and brown, with "branches" resembling sticks. It takes advantage of leafy surroundings to blend in as part of a tree. Common Snipe The Common Snipe is a type of bird found around wetlands. It's hiding here among vegetation in a Minnesota stream. Can you find it? Common Baron Caterpillar The best camouflage is hiding in plain sight. Though easy to spot if you know what to look for, the common baron caterpillar blends well with the leaf on which it rests. Toads Not one but multiple toads hide well among old and discolored leafs. Honestly, we're still not sure which are leaves and which are toads .... Snow Leopard The snow leopard has us beat. It's hiding somewhere in this photograph taken in the snow-covered mountains of Asia. Do you see it? Uroplatus Geckos The uroplatus gecko is a dark brown color and has ridges along its body similar to the body of a tree. The angle of this shot makes it easy to spot for us, but this gecko can definitely elude predators. Nighthawk The nighthawk's a little difficult to find. It takes advantage of its similar spotted surroundings to blend in well among rocks in eastern Washington. Wandering Tattler Chick This baby may not be fully formed, but it has camouflage down cold. This wandering tattler chick hides among rocks in Wrangell-Saint Ellias National Park. Blue-Crowned Parrot Now this one's a little tricky. Once you do see the blue-crowned parrot, you'll wonder how you didn't before. This parrot is hiding in a tropical rainforest in Chan Chach, Belize, South America. Great Horned Owl The Great Horned Owl uses both its plumage and the depth of its surroundings to effectively hide from predators. This was taken in a temperate forest in Oregon's Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Willow Ptarmigan A willow ptarmigan blends in well with the winter landscape. This photo was taken near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. credit to the stupid station The Elusive Leopard A leopard takes camouflage to a whole new level. Can you spot it? Hint: It's near the base of the tree. This photo ... Read more »
Crescent Moon Tower : Dubai Recently has been completed a competition for the design of the emblem-structure of Dubai Park Zaabil. American Company Transparent House presented to the court of professionals “space” project called Crescent Moon Tower. According to the architects of the Transparent House, their conceptual “moon tower” is not only combines the symbolic and traditional form of the Muslim world with modern technology and construction methods, but also in some way reflects the unity of the main characteristics of Dubai. credit to walllook.com Recently has been completed a competition for the design of the emblem-structure of Dubai Park Zaabil. American Company Transparent House... Read more »