10 Bizarre Medieval Medical Practices Medicine is one of the cornerstones of modern civilization—so much so that we take it for granted. It wasn’t always the case that you could just waltz into a doctor’s office to have them cure what ailed you. In medieval times, for example, things were a lot more dangerous, and a lot stranger. 10 Boar Bile Enemas Enemas in medieval times were performed by devices called clysters. A clyster was a long metal tube with a cup on the end. The tube would be entered into the anus and a medicinal fluid poured into the cup. The fluid would then be introduced into the colon by a series of pumping actions. Although warm soapy water is used for enemas today, things were a little more earthy back then: one of the most common fluids finding its way into a clyster was a concoction of boar’s bile. Even kings were high up on the clyster. King Louis XIV of France is said to have had over 2,000 enemas during his reign—some even administered while he sat on his throne. 9 Urine Was Used As An Antiseptic Though it may not have been common, there is evidence to suggest that urine was occasionally used as an antiseptic in the Medieval Era. Henry VIII’s surgeon, Thomas Vicary, recommended that all battle wounds should be washed in urine. In 1666, the physician George Thomson recommended urine to be used on the plague. And there was even a bottled version: Essence Of Urine. This isn’t quite as insane as it seems: urine is sterile when it leaves the body and may have been a healthier alternative than most water—which came with no such guarantee of cleanliness. 8 Eye Surgery (With A Needle) During the Middle Ages, cataract surgery was performed with a thick needle. The procedure involved pushing the cornea to the back of the eye. Of course, eye surgery changed rapidly once Islamic medicine began to influence European practices. Rather than a needle, a metal hypodermic syringe was inserted through the sclera (the white part of the eye) and then used to extract of cataracts via suction. 7 Hot Iron For Hemorrhoids It was once believed that if a person did not pray to St. Fiacre (the “protector against hemorrhoids”) they would suffer from, you guessed it, hemorrhoids. If you were one of those unlucky fellows, you’d be sent off to the monks—who would put a red-hot iron up your anus. Nasty, but the less painful alternative was equally less effective: they’d send you to go and sit on St. Fiacre’s famous rock, the spot where the seventh-century Irish monk was miraculously cured of his hemorrhoids. It was for this reason that throughout the Middle Ages, hemorrhoids were called “Saint Fiacre’s illness.” By the 12th century, things had changed. Jewish physician Moses Maimonides wrote a seven-chapter treatise on hemorrhoids calling into question the contemporary state of treatment. He prescribed a far simpler method: a good soak in a bath. 6 Deadly Surgery Despite what blockbuster movies may have taught you, going under the knife without any anesthetic wasn’t as common in the medieval period as some people claim. In fact, medicine throughout this time was quite progressive: as the world expanded and travelers came from far afield, doctors from two different cultures would often share notes, and new practices were constantly being put to use. However, even if the will for better medical care was there, the knowledge of chemicals certainly wasn’t. Although anesthetic was administered, analgesics, antibiotics, and disinfectants were a far cry from what they are today. As a result, many people died from infected wounds. 5 Poisonous Anesthetics As stated above, anesthetics were far from the established science they are today. In fact, general anesthesia is only about 150 years old. Before these advances, a rather crude brew of herbs mixed with wine was used to sedate the patient instead. The most common of these herbal anesthetics was known as dwale. There were numerous ingredients in dwale—from the innocuous, such as lettuce and vinegar, to the deadly, such hemlock and opium. Much like modern knockout drugs, mixing these ingredients incorrectly could result in the patient’s death. 4 Trepanning Trepanning involved boring a small hole into the skull to expose the dura mater, the outer membrane of the brain. The practice was believed to alleviate pressure and treat health problems localized within the head, though it was also thought to cure epilepsy, migraines, and mental disorders and were a common “fix” for more physical problems such as skull fractures. Needless to say, such exposure of the brain to airborne germs would often be fatal. Trepanning as a practice has not been completely abandoned: it was performed as recently as 2000 when two men in the US used it to treat a woman suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome and depression. 3 Surgery On The Battlefield In medieval times, battlefield medicine was about as grisly as it gets, and arrows were one of the main culprits. Arrowheads were commonly attached to the shaft with wax for one single purpose: so that when the arrow was pulled out, the tip would break off inside the victim’s body. Purpose-built “arrow removers”—designed to pinch the tip and pull it from the body—were used to heal wounded soldiers. The wound was then cauterized with a red-hot iron to stop the bleeding and prevent infections. While much has been forgotten about the medical capabilities of this era, research has shown that it may have been more effective than you might think. A set of bones from 500-700 AD discovered in Italy in 2011 showed that soldiers of that era could survive massive blows to the head. One of the remains even showed evidence that the individual had survived after suffering a five-centimeter (two-inch) hole to the head. 2 Medical Astrology Back in medieval times, astrologers were so revered that many thought they were real-life magicians. The truth is, they were respected scholars who advised on increasing crop yield, predicted the weather, and informed a family-to-be what sort of personality their child would have. The latter would often have consequences for the child’s medical care. Doctors would refer to special calendars that contained star charts in order to aid with diagnosis. By the 1500s, the physicians of Europe were legally required to assess a patient’s horoscope before embarking on any medical interference. Astrology suggests that each body part is influenced by the sun, moon, and planets, and that each star sign presides over different parts of the body. Aries, for example, pertains to the head, face, brain, and eyes; whereas Scorpio represents the reproductive system, sexual organs, bowels and excretory system. After the patient’s star chart was examined and the current position of the stars was taken into account, a person’s ailment could be predicted and a diagnosis would be made. 1 Bloodletting Doctors of the medieval period believed in things called “humors.” The word “humors” referred to certain fluids found in the body: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. “Humorism” was developed from the musings of Greek and Roman physicians who believed an excess or deficiency of any of the four humors would strongly influence a person’s health. For some reason, in the Middle Ages, blood—and excess blood in particular—was often seen as the cause of multiple ailments. Therefore, doctors would remove large quantities of blood from a person’s veins in the hope that it would cure them. The two main ways of doing this were leeching and venesection. In leeching, a leech was placed on the part of the body that was a concern and the “blood-worm” would suck blood (and, in theory, the illness) from the patient. Venesection was a little bit more direct: a doctor would literally open up a vein using a knife called a “fleam” and allow blood to drain from the body. Bloodletting was so common that some people drained their blood regularly just because they believed it would keep them healthy. Surely a half-hour jog is a better way to stay fit? credit to Listverse Medicine is one of the cornerstones of modern civilization—so much so that we take it for granted. It wasn’t always the case that you could ... Read more »
Top 10 Weirdest Sea Creatures They're weird in good ways, and they're weird in bad ways. But most importantly, they're just WEIRD. Really weird. And frankly, we felt like we were being totally selfish not sharing them with you. So put on your snorkel, goggles, and flippers, and hit the water with us to check out the absolute weirdest (but coolest!) sea creatures. But we're warning you—if our choices' names alone are any indication, it definitely won't be pretty. 10: Blobfish In case you ever wondered where the creator of Ziggy came up with the artistic concept, wonder no more. This fish (if "fish" we can really call it) is the weirdest looking sea creature we've ever seen. What's worse is that this animal is just as lazy as it looks and sounds...it barely expends any energy even eating, making sure it gobbles up whatever just happens to be floating by at the moment. So maybe a little less Ziggy ... a little more Al Bundy. Either way, it makes us seriously think about our carb intake. 9: Axolotl Axolotls are like the cute anime pet you never had but always wanted, because you saw it on a deck of Pokémon cards. Tack onto that the ability to completely regenerate any dangling limb, and you've got yourself a real live Tamigachi! Another cool thing about axolotls is that they stay in their larval state even into adulthood, when they start becoming sexually mature—talk about babies having babies! Maury Povitch would have a field day with these weird sea creatures. Which of course, only makes them weirder. 8: Frilled Shark Its oxymoronic-sounding name alone conjures up visions of a shark from a Disney movie—a fluffy, fun little animal that wags its fin like Pluto wags its tail. Well, perhaps that assessment isn't too far off. The frilled shark is not your typical shark, judging by looks alone. It closely resembles an eel—so much so that it's mistaken for an eel quite often, and the only real distinguishing features are its signature six gill slits (that's like a "Hell's Angel" tattoo for sea creatures). One more weird thing about this sea creature: they came back from the dead. Well, sorta… these animals were long thought to be extinct (they had the fossils to prove it!). It wasn't until 2007 that someone witnessed a real live frilled shark wash up on the shore. 7: Anglerfish We'll say it, and we'll say it without fear: anglerfishes are ugly. There, we said it. They are disgusting bottom-dwellers, and if that isn't the lowest of the low, they also have a spine that doubles as bait for prey. They have big pointy teeth, and we're pretty sure you don't want to know what their mating habits are. All in all, "weird" only scratches the already scaly surface. 6: Loch Ness Monster While the Scottish Highlands have a history of having things appear out of the mist (is Brigadoon humor still in, or is 60+ years too much time?), it is the The Loch Ness Monster, or "Nessie" as we've come to know her, that has become the most popular Scottish Highlands' mist-dweller. The story goes that in August of 1933, the Courier published an article stating that a man had witnessed what appeared to be a dragon ... or at least, the closest thing he had ever seen to a dragon. Years passed, and evidence proving Nessie's existence (including photographs, video and even sonar) mounted. Because of this evidence, The Loch Ness Monster has been neither confirmed nor denied—though the scientists in the room may beg to differ. 5: Dana Octopus Squid This weird sea creature mesmerizes its prey by flashing it—but not in the what's-under-that-trench-coat kind of way. In an actual, literal light-gets-in-your-eyes kind of way. By emitting flashes of light used to blind their prey, the Dana Octopus Squid successfully disorients, then captures them. Which begs the question: whatever happened to stimulating conversation? 4: Leafy Sea Dragon The Leafy Sea Dragon is one of the few sea creatures with its own built-in camouflage. The tiny fins that are used to propel our leafy friend forward are impossible to see, giving the illusion that you are merely watching some seaweed lazily float by (like an underwater plastic bag à la American Beauty). So the next time you see a chunk of seaweed ... notice the beauty of it, yes. But also notice that you may just be witnessing one of the weirdest sea creatures in the world. 3: Longhorn Cowfish Although the Longhorn Cowfish tends to look like a hovercraft when it's moving along, it's not quite as fun as the Bumper Car-esque exterior it tends to exude. In fact, what it does exude is a poisonous toxin from the mucous secretions of their skin, rendering their flesh a deadly delicacy (should you be so inclined to eat one, since it has "cow" in the name and fast food these days will take anything they can get). The good news is, they tend to make a very distinct grunting noise when they've been captured—so just be sure to listen carefully to your next double cheeseburger. 2: Viperfish Even without the visual aid, we're pretty sure we can explain what a viperfish looks like: imagine a baseball bat with the head of Predator. Then add some scales and the gnarliest teeth you've ever seen (they are so large, they don't even fit in its mouth—they curve backward up toward its eyes). Finally, it has a radio antenna on top of its Predator head—you know, so it doesn't miss the game. Well, that's not entirely true: the "radio antenna" actually works as a fishing lure for its prey. By flashing the light at the tip on and off, it attracts passers-by that may (or may not, in most cases) want to be eaten. Sort of like a taxi cab! Although you're probably safer in a viper ... fish, that is. 1: Vampire Squid Helping it stay true to its name, the Vampire Squid comes complete with its own cape, made from arms connected by black webbing. The webbing help propel it through the water and almost fly like—you guessed it—a bat. But by far, the coolest/weirdest thing about this sea creature is its ability to hypnotize its prey using what's knowns as "photophores" on its arms. So basically it's a living, breathing dance club. Credit to Science Discovery They're weird in good ways, and they're weird in bad ways. But most importantly, they're just WEIRD. Really weird. And frankl... Read more »
Walking Corpse Ritual in Tanah Toraja! (Indonesia) It is said that the cave in the village Sillanang since 1905 has been found in human bodies intact, do not decay until now. Uniquely bodies are not embalmed like the Ancient Egyptians was not even given any potions. In times past, when the villages of Tana Toraja were still extremely isolated and difficult to visit, it is said that certain people had the power to make a dead man walk to his village in order to be present at his own funeral. In this way, relatives of the deceased were spared the necessity of having to carry his corpse. One particular area, Mamasa ? West Toraja, was particularly well-known for this practice. The people of this area are not strictly speaking of the same ethnic group as the people of Tana Toraja. However, outsiders often refer to them as Toraja Mamasa. In many ways, the cultures of the two groups are similar, although they each have their own distingushing characteristics. In particular, the style of wood carving of the two groups is different. According to the belief system of the people of Mamasa, the spirit of a dead person must return to his village of origin. It is essential that he meet with his relatives, so that they can guide him on his journey into the after-life after the ceremonies have been completed. In the past, people of this area were frightened to journey far, in case they died while they were away and were unable to return to their village. If someone died while on a journey, and unless he has a strong magic power, it would be necessary to procure the services of an expert, to guide the dead person back to the village. This is not intended metaphorically-the dead person would be made to walk from wherever he had journeyed back home, no matter how far away that was. The corpse would walk stiffly, without any expression on his face, in the manner of a robot. If anyone addressed the dead man directly, he would fall down senseless, unable to continue his journey. Therefore, those accompanying the deceased on the macabre procession had to warn people they met on their path not to talk directly to the dead man. The attendants usually sought out quiet paths where the procession was less likely to meet with strangers. These days, the practice of walking the dead back to their place of origin has fallen out of currency. Good roads now connect the villages of Tana Toraja, and people tend to rely on more conventional means of transportation for bringing bodies back home. The ability to bring the dead back to life has not been entirely forgotten, however. Sometimes, even now, the deceased is made to continue breathing and seems alive until all his relatives are gathered around him.More commonly, the skill is practiced on animals. At a funeral ceremony, when a buffalo has been sacrificed and its head separated from its body, the body is made to get up and walk for as long as ten minutes. A demonstration of this sort proves to the audience that the ability to bring the dead back to life has not entirely passed from the community. credit to mysteries unsolved story It is said that the cave in the village Sillanang since 1905 has been found in human bodies intact, do not decay until now. Uniquely bo... Read more »
10 Weirdest Sports In The World Unicycle Hockey This unique sport played in the country of Canada. Playing hockey with a unicycle. Here's how to play it with a unicycle. Man Versus Horse Marathon This sport originated from Wales. The rules are by running across the countryside, who beat the first horseman is the winner. Swim : Mud Baths The rule is that each person is required to swim in a 60-yard mud wallow, those who complete the game at the fastest time is the winner. Fastest world record is 1 minute 35 seconds held by Phillip John comes from England. Rock Paper Scissors League There is organization, The U. S. Association of Rock Paper Scissors (USARPS) this ancient competition has become League since 2006. The athletes are robust and plump bodied but the competition is only to hand Stone! Scissors! Paper! Tuna-Tossing Tunarama Festival is held every year they said in Port Lincoln, South Australia. Tuna tossing competition is the most interesting. To win the $ 7,000 grand prize, participants have to toss an adult tuna like tossing a disc. The rotten Tunas used in this competition. Dwarf-Tossing This "Sports" is originally from Australia in the 80s. Acted where a dwarf has to wear specific clothes and will be thrown in the direction of a field where the winner is determined the farthest throw. The sport is then considered too offensive and degrading dwarfs is eventually banned. Proponents of this sport protested the ban as it prevent provision of local dwarfs. Cheese Rolling This sport is actually simple - roll a cheese-filled wheels toward the foothills and the people attempt to get it back. This sport is formally located in the hills of Gloucestershire Cooper, a pretty steep slope. No wonder why the most participants are the drunkard, that eventually resulted in many injured as gliding down the steep foothills. In a year, two out of three participants were injured and at 1998 the police stopped this sport for security reasons. Cheese rolling has a long history, fight for food makes no sense (they had to scramble a little piece of cheese placed in a wooden wheel) and against the prohibition of the local government because of the risk of head injury and a serious leg fracture. Wife Carrying The husband carries his wife on the butt and ran through various obstacles specifically provided. The 'wife' does not mean that the woman have to be the man's wife, anyone could be it, actual wife, neighbor, and anyone else. Clearly there will be 250 meters race, with two hurdles to jump and two water obstacles. If your 'wife' fall, then you will have penalties for 15 seconds. Notably, Dennis Rodman ever play in the NBA-Chicago Bulls had this sport. Initially for fun, but grew up to be more and more popular and eventually special race like this. As the name suggests, a husband should take his wife through a variety of terrain including mud, water, and other obstacles. The prize for the winner is the beer of wife's weight. This sport originated in Finland and inspired by the stories from history. A legend in the 19th century mentions that once the people stealing the wives from neighboring villages. Mobile Phone Throwing Phone throwing is an international sport that started in Finland at 2000. Assessments were made based on the farthest distance and toss technique. Any kind of phones can be used, whatever the weight is but have to be more than 220 grams. However, there is also certain cases require just specific of mobile phone models only. Buzkashi National Athletics Afghanistan, Turkmenistan and Central Asian countries, with two groups of horses drive, in fighting over dead calves like 'ball'. Dead calf is then thrown passing through specific line as the goal. The game can last a couple of days. The history of the sport isn't clear yet, but is considered as a sport to keep morale and team spirit remained high throughout the war. Buzkashi is the national sport in Afghanistan, similar to polo, but played with the corpse of a calf. Calf or goat-if there is no calf, beheaded and placed on a hole in the ground. The rider will race and fight for it, riding around two sign and return to the "circle of justice". The winner is determined by those who successfully putting the calf into the ring. This sport is still popular till now in Afghanistan. Unicycle Hockey This unique sport played in the country of Canada. Playing hockey with a unicycle. Here's how to play it with a ... Read more »