A Blog of Wisdom.

10 Interesting Facts About Black Holes

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1: A black hole is formed when a large star starts running out of fuel and begins to collapse under its own gravity. Such a star may become a white dwarf or a neutron star, but if the star is sufficiently massive then it may continue shrinking eventually to the size of a tiny atom, known as a singularity or black hole. 
 
2: The mass of that shrunken star is so dense and the gravity of that singularity so strong that, in accordance with Einstein‘s theory of general relativity,  it actually deforms the space-time around it and not even light can escape. The boundary beyond which light cannot escape the black hole is known as the event horizon, while its radius is called the Schwarzschild radius. 
 
3: Once particles and light-rays go past the event horizon their light cones “tip over” and point to the singularity, which now represents all future-directed paths with no escape possible. 
 
4: To an outside observer with a telescope, an object passing the event horizon will appear to slow down then freeze without ever seeming to pass through the horizon. This is because the light takes longer to escape its gravitational pull and light signals won’t reach the viewer for an infinitely long time. As time elapses, the light becomes red shifted and dimmer as its wavelength becomes longer, eventually disappearing from the sight of the observer as it becomes infrared radiation, then radio waves. 
 
5: If a person was able to survive long enough to describe falling into a black hole, he would at first experience weightless as he goes into free fall, but then feel intense “tidal” gravitational forces as he got closer to the center of the black hole. In other words, if his feet were closer to the centre than his head, then they would feel a stronger pull until he eventually is stretched and then ripped apart. As he falls in he may observe distorted images as the light bends around him and he will also still be able to see beyond the black hole as light continues to reach him from the outside. 
 
6: It is important to realize that a black hole’s gravitational field is the same as that of any other object in space of the same mass. In other words, it won’t “suck” objects in any more than any other normal star, with things being more likely to just fall into them if they got too close to the event horizon. 
 
7: A wormhole, known alternatively as a Lorentzian wormhole, Schwarzschild wormhole or Einstein-Rosen bridge, is a theoretical opening in space-time allowing a “shortcut” through intervening space to another location in the Universe. However, from the outside wormholes may exhibit many of the characteristics usually associated with a black hole and be virtually impossible to tell apart. 
 
8: John Michell (1783) and Pierre-Simon Laplace (1796) were the first people to propose the concept of “dark stars” or object which, if compressed into a small enough radius, would have an escape velocity which exceeded even the speed of light. Later, the term “frozen star” was used to describe the last phase of a star’s gravitational collapse, when light unable to escape from its surface would make the star appear frozen in time to an observer. In the 20th century, John Wheeler eventually coined the phrase “black hole” as the object would absorbs all the light that hits it while reflecting nothing back. 
 
9: Physicists now believe that black holes actually radiate small numbers of mainly photon particles and so can lose mass, shrink then ultimately vanish over time. This unverified evaporation process is known as “Hawking Radiation”, after Professor Stephen Hawking who theorized its existence in 1974. However, it is a staggeringly slow process and only the smallest black holes would have had time to evaporate significantly during the 14 billion years the Universe has existed. 
 
10: It is now thought that most galaxies are held together by supermassive black holes at their centers, which cluster hundreds of solar systems around them. 
 
credit to <a href="http://www.astronomytrek.com/10-interesting-facts-about-black-holes/">astronomytrek</a>

1: A black hole is formed when a large star starts running out of fuel and begins to collapse under its own gravity. Such a star may bec...

Top 10 Weirdest Sea Creatures

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They're weird in good ways, and they're weird in bad ways. But most importantly, they're just WEIRD. Really weird. And frankly, we felt like we were being totally selfish not sharing them with you. So put on your snorkel, goggles, and flippers, and hit the water with us to check out the absolute weirdest (but coolest!) sea creatures. But we're warning you—if our choices' names alone are any indication, it definitely won't be pretty. 
 
 
10: Blobfish 
In case you ever wondered where the creator of Ziggy came up with the artistic concept, wonder no more. This fish (if "fish" we can really call it) is the weirdest looking sea creature we've ever seen. What's worse is that this animal is just as lazy as it looks and sounds...it barely expends any energy even eating, making sure it gobbles up whatever just happens to be floating by at the moment. So maybe a little less Ziggy ... a little more Al Bundy. Either way, it makes us seriously think about our carb intake. 
 
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9: Axolotl 
Axolotls are like the cute anime pet you never had but always wanted, because you saw it on a deck of Pokémon cards. Tack onto that the ability to completely regenerate any dangling limb, and you've got yourself a real live Tamigachi! Another cool thing about axolotls is that they stay in their larval state even into adulthood, when they start becoming sexually mature—talk about babies having babies! Maury Povitch would have a field day with these weird sea creatures. Which of course, only makes them weirder. 
 
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8: Frilled Shark 
Its oxymoronic-sounding name alone conjures up visions of a shark from a Disney movie—a fluffy, fun little animal that wags its fin like Pluto wags its tail. Well, perhaps that assessment isn't too far off. The frilled shark is not your typical shark, judging by looks alone. It closely resembles an eel—so much so that it's mistaken for an eel quite often, and the only real distinguishing features are its signature six gill slits (that's like a "Hell's Angel" tattoo for sea creatures). 
 
One more weird thing about this sea creature: they came back from the dead. Well, sorta… these animals were long thought to be extinct (they had the fossils to prove it!). It wasn't until 2007 that someone witnessed a real live frilled shark wash up on the shore. 
 
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7: Anglerfish 
We'll say it, and we'll say it without fear: anglerfishes are ugly. There, we said it. They are disgusting bottom-dwellers, and if that isn't the lowest of the low, they also have a spine that doubles as bait for prey. They have big pointy teeth, and we're pretty sure you don't want to know what their mating habits are. All in all, "weird" only scratches the already scaly surface. 
 
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6: Loch Ness Monster 
While the Scottish Highlands have a history of having things appear out of the mist (is Brigadoon humor still in, or is 60+ years too much time?), it is the The Loch Ness Monster, or "Nessie" as we've come to know her, that has become the most popular Scottish Highlands' mist-dweller. The story goes that in August of 1933, the Courier published an article stating that a man had witnessed what appeared to be a dragon ... or at least, the closest thing he had ever seen to a dragon. Years passed, and evidence proving Nessie's existence (including photographs, video and even sonar) mounted. Because of this evidence, The Loch Ness Monster has been neither confirmed nor denied—though the scientists in the room may beg to differ. 
 
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5: Dana Octopus Squid 
This weird sea creature mesmerizes its prey by flashing it—but not in the what's-under-that-trench-coat kind of way. In an actual, literal light-gets-in-your-eyes kind of way. By emitting flashes of light used to blind their prey, the Dana Octopus Squid successfully disorients, then captures them. Which begs the question: whatever happened to stimulating conversation? 
 
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4: Leafy Sea Dragon 
The Leafy Sea Dragon is one of the few sea creatures with its own built-in camouflage. The tiny fins that are used to propel our leafy friend forward are impossible to see, giving the illusion that you are merely watching some seaweed lazily float by (like an underwater plastic bag à la American Beauty). So the next time you see a chunk of seaweed ... notice the beauty of it, yes. But also notice that you may just be witnessing one of the weirdest sea creatures in the world. 
 
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3: Longhorn Cowfish 
Although the Longhorn Cowfish tends to look like a hovercraft when it's moving along, it's not quite as fun as the Bumper Car-esque exterior it tends to exude. In fact, what it does exude is a poisonous toxin from the mucous secretions of their skin, rendering their flesh a deadly delicacy (should you be so inclined to eat one, since it has "cow" in the name and fast food these days will take anything they can get). The good news is, they tend to make a very distinct grunting noise when they've been captured—so just be sure to listen carefully to your next double cheeseburger. 
 
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2: Viperfish 
Even without the visual aid, we're pretty sure we can explain what a viperfish looks like: imagine a baseball bat with the head of Predator. Then add some scales and the gnarliest teeth you've ever seen (they are so large, they don't even fit in its mouth—they curve backward up toward its eyes). Finally, it has a radio antenna on top of its Predator head—you know, so it doesn't miss the game. Well, that's not entirely true: the "radio antenna" actually works as a fishing lure for its prey. By flashing the light at the tip on and off, it attracts passers-by that may (or may not, in most cases) want to be eaten. Sort of like a taxi cab! Although you're probably safer in a viper ... fish, that is. 
 
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1: Vampire Squid 
Helping it stay true to its name, the Vampire Squid comes complete with its own cape, made from arms connected by black webbing. The webbing help propel it through the water and almost fly like—you guessed it—a bat. But by far, the coolest/weirdest thing about this sea creature is its ability to hypnotize its prey using what's knowns as "photophores" on its arms. So basically it's a living, breathing dance club. 
 
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Credit to <a href="http://science.discovery.com/creatures/10-weirdest-sea-creatures.htm">Science Discovery</a>

They're weird in good ways, and they're weird in bad ways. But most importantly, they're just WEIRD. Really weird. And frankl...

Walking Corpse Ritual in Tanah Toraja! (Indonesia)

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It is said that the cave in the village  Sillanang since 1905 has been found in human bodies intact, do not decay until now. Uniquely bodies are not embalmed like the Ancient Egyptians was not even given any potions. 
 
In times past, when the villages of Tana Toraja were still extremely isolated and difficult to visit, it is said that certain people had the power to make a dead man walk to his village in order to be present at his own funeral. In this way, relatives of the deceased were spared the necessity of having to carry his corpse. One particular area, Mamasa ? West Toraja, was particularly well-known for this practice. The people of this area are not strictly speaking of the same ethnic group as the people of Tana Toraja. However, outsiders often refer to them as Toraja Mamasa. In many ways, the cultures of the two groups are similar, although they each have their own distingushing characteristics. In particular, the style of wood carving of the two groups is different. 
 
According to the belief system of the people of Mamasa, the spirit of a dead person must return to his village of origin. It is essential that he meet with his relatives, so that they can guide him on his journey into the after-life after the ceremonies have been completed. In the past, people of this area were frightened to journey far, in case they died while they were away and were unable to return to their village. If someone died while on a journey, and unless he has a strong magic power, it would be necessary to procure the services of an expert, to guide the dead person back to the village. 
 
This is not intended metaphorically-the dead person would be made to walk from wherever he had journeyed back home, no matter how far away that was. The corpse would walk stiffly, without any expression on his face, in the manner of a robot. If anyone addressed the dead man directly, he would fall down senseless, unable to continue his journey. Therefore, those accompanying the deceased on the macabre procession had to warn people they met on their path not to talk directly to the dead man. The attendants usually sought out quiet paths where the procession was less likely to meet with strangers. These days, the practice of walking the dead back to their place of origin has fallen out of currency. 
 
Good roads now connect the villages of Tana Toraja, and people tend to rely on more conventional means of transportation for bringing bodies back home. The ability to bring the dead back to life has not been entirely forgotten, however. Sometimes, even now, the deceased is made to continue breathing and seems alive until all his relatives are gathered around him.More commonly, the skill is practiced on animals. At a funeral ceremony, when a buffalo has been sacrificed and its head separated from its body, the body is made to get up and walk for as long as ten minutes. A demonstration of this sort proves to the audience that the ability to bring the dead back to life has not entirely passed from the community. 
 
credit to <a href="http://mysteriesunsolvedstory.blogspot.com/2010/04/walking-corpse-ritual-in-tanah-toraja.html">mysteries unsolved story</a>

It is said that the cave in the village Sillanang since 1905 has been found in human bodies intact, do not decay until now. Uniquely bo...

Top 10 Most Famous Ghost Pictures Ever Taken

The paranormal is famously hard to capture, when someone claims to have a photograph of a ghost it is usually trick photography or has been digitally enhanced. However some photographic evidence of ghosts do exist and this collection of photographic evidence has stood up to scrutiny and stood the test of time. Without further ado here are our top ten most famous ghost pictures ever taken. 
 
#10. Lord Combermere Ghost 
 
 
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Taken in 1891 by Sybell Corbet in the library at Combermere Abbey. If you look on the left side you can see the man sitting in the chair. Lord Combermere was a British Cavalry Commander who had recently been struck and killed by a horse drawn carriage. This photo was taken while Combermere’s funeral was being held four miles away. 
 
#9. Toys R Us Ghost 
 
 
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Infrared photo taken during a paranormal investigation at a Toys R’ Us in Sunnyvale, California. The man leaning against the shelves in the background was not seen with the naked eye. Other shots taken at the same time with high speed film showed no trace of him. 
 
#8. The Hidden Cowboy 
 
 
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In 1996, Ike Clanton, dressed in cowboy attire had his friend photograph him while he stood in Boothill Graveyard in the famous Tombstone, Arizona. After reviewing the photograph, Clanton noticed a man in the background of the photo that was not there when the photograph was taken. Clanton was intrigued by this and set out to recreate the photo with a friend standing in the background and discovered it was impossible to recreate the picture without having the legs visible. This photograph remains a mystery to this day. 
 
#7. Young Girl at the Window 
 
 
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Photographed by Tony O’Rahilly at Wem Town Hall in Shropshire, England while it was on fire. There was no one in the building at the time, yet this photo shows a young girl peering out. The photo was examined by Dr. Vernon Harrison, the former president of the Royal Photographic Society. Harrison deemed that the photo had not been tampered with and was therefore genuine. In 1677, a young girl named Jane Churn accidentally set fire to a thatched roof with a candle, setting off a blaze that burned down many of the town’s old timber houses. Several people believe that her ghost has haunted the area ever since and witnesses claim to have seen her on a few occasions over the years. It is generally believed that this ghost is her. 
 
#6. Corroboree Rock Spirit 
 
 
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Taken by Reverend R.S. Blance at Corroboree Rock, at Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia in 1959, this famous photograph appears to show a woman holding her hands toward her face, peering out into the distance. 
 
#5. The Madonna of Bachelor’s Grove 
 
 
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Taken on August 10th, 1991 during a paranormal investigation by the Ghost Research Society of Bachelor?s Grove Cemetery, which is near a suburb of Midlothian, Illinois. 
 
#4. Freddy Jackson 
 
 
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A squadron of the Royal Air Force assembled to take a mundane photograph, but after the picture was developed the squad quickly realized that this was no ordinary picture. Standing behind one of his mates was the two days deceased Freddy Jackson. Jackson was a mechanic for the Royal Air Force and served on-board the H.M.S. Daedalus. He had been working when we was killed in a freak-accident by an air plane propeller, but Jackson did not let his death get in the way of him showing up on time for the group photo two days later. Several of the other men in the photo confirmed that it was in fact Jackson’s face in the background of the picture. 
 
#3. Back Seat Driver 
 
 
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This famous ghost photograph was taken in 1959 by Mable Chinnery. After visiting the grave of her mother, Mable turned and took a picture of her husband, who was waiting for her in the car. What Mable didn’t expect was her mother coming along for the ride! 
 
#2. Tulip Staircase Ghost 
 
 
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Taken in 1966 by Rev. Ralph Hardy in the Queen’s House section of the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, England. Hardy, a retired clergyman, intended only to take a picture of the impressive Tulip Staircase but also captured this apparition of a robed figure ascending the stairs. The original negative was examined by experts, including some from Kodak, who deemed that the photo had not been tampered with. People have reported seeing unexplained figures and the sound of footsteps in the same vicinity for years prior to and after this picture was taken. 
 
#1. The Brown Lady 
 
 
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The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall, reportedly haunts the great house in Norfolk, England. This is of the country’s most famous hauntings primarily due to the captured image of the ‘Brown Lady’ on the staircase. The photograph which would become one of the most famous paranormal photographs of all time was taken by photographers from the Country Life magazine that was at Raynham Hall photographing the staircase. 
 
credit to <a href="http://www.paranormal360.co.uk/top-10-most-famous-ghost-pictures-ever-taken/">Paranormal360</a>

The paranormal is famously hard to capture, when someone claims to have a photograph of a ghost it is usually trick photography or has been ...

10 Fun Facts About Grapes

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Perhaps many of you love to eat this tiny fruit but taste incredibly amazing, grape. But some of the people make it as wine to drink and it do taste better. However, below are 10 fun facts about this amazing little fruit you should know : 
 
1. Grapes are one of the world’s favorite fruits, regularly listed in the top 10 (other are mangos, bananas and tomatoes). 
 
2. Around the world there are more than 8,000 varieties of grape. There are 7 different grape colors: red, green, white, black, purple, blue and golden. 
 
3. Grapes have been thought to have healing properties since ancient times. In China, wine was mixed with frogs, snakes and other animals to create a cure for illness. 
 
4. America’s oldest grapevine is 400 years old and is in North Carolina. 
 
5. Wine has been made from grapes since 5,000BC. 
 
6. About a quarter of the grapes used in the US come from Chile. 
 
7. While grapes are 80% water, when they become raisins the water content is just 15%. 
 
8. You can get about 15,000 glasses of wine from an acre of grapes. 
 
9. 72 million tons of grapes are produced around the world each year. 
 
10. With more than 200, California’s Napa Valley has the world’s highest concentration of wineries. 
 
How many of those facts did you already know? 
 
credit to <a href="http://www.kiawahresort.com/blog/kiawah-island/2012/02/29/10-fun-facts-about-grapes/">Kiawah Resort</a>

Perhaps many of you love to eat this tiny fruit but taste incredibly amazing, grape. But some of the people make it as wine to drink and...

10 Things Everyone Should Know About Time

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“Time” is the most used noun in the English language, yet it remains a mystery. We’ve just completed an amazingly intense and rewarding multidisciplinary conference on the nature of time, and my brain is swimming with ideas and new questions. Rather than trying a summary (the talks will be online soon), here’s my stab at a top ten list partly inspired by our discussions: the things everyone should know about time. [Update: all of these are things I think are true, after quite a bit of deliberation. Not everyone agrees, although of course they should.] 
 
1. Time exists. Might as well get this common question out of the way. Of course time exists — otherwise how would we set our alarm clocks? Time organizes the universe into an ordered series of moments, and thank goodness; what a mess it would be if reality were complete different from moment to moment. The real question is whether or not time is fundamental, or perhaps emergent. We used to think that “temperature” was a basic category of nature, but now we know it emerges from the motion of atoms. When it comes to whether time is fundamental, the answer is: nobody knows. My bet is “yes,” but we’ll need to understand quantum gravity much better before we can say for sure. 
 
2. The past and future are equally real. This isn’t completely accepted, but it should be. Intuitively we think that the “now” is real, while the past is fixed and in the books, and the future hasn’t yet occurred. But physics teaches us something remarkable: every event in the past and future is implicit in the current moment. This is hard to see in our everyday lives, since we’re nowhere close to knowing everything about the universe at any moment, nor will we ever be — but the equations don’t lie. As Einstein put it, “It appears therefore more natural to think of physical reality as a four dimensional existence, instead of, as hitherto, the evolution of a three dimensional existence.” 
 
3. Everyone experiences time differently. This is true at the level of both physics and biology. Within physics, we used to have Sir Isaac Newton’s view of time, which was universal and shared by everyone. But then Einstein came along and explained that how much time elapses for a person depends on how they travel through space (especially near the speed of light) as well as the gravitational field (especially if its near a black hole). From a biological or psychological perspective, the time measured by atomic clocks isn’t as important as the time measured by our internal rhythms and the accumulation of memories. That happens differently depending on who we are and what we are experiencing; there’s a real sense in which time moves more quickly when we’re older. 
 
4. You live in the past. About 80 milliseconds in the past, to be precise. Use one hand to touch your nose, and the other to touch one of your feet, at exactly the same time. You will experience them as simultaneous acts. But that’s mysterious — clearly it takes more time for the signal to travel up your nerves from your feet to your brain than from your nose. The reconciliation is simple: our conscious experience takes time to assemble, and your brain waits for all the relevant input before it experiences the “now.” Experiments have shown that the lag between things happening and us experiencing them is about 80 milliseconds. (Via conference participant David Eagleman.) 
 
5. Your memory isn’t as good as you think. When you remember an event in the past, your brain uses a very similar technique to imagining the future. The process is less like “replaying a video” than “putting on a play from a script.” If the script is wrong for whatever reason, you can have a false memory that is just as vivid as a true one. Eyewitness testimony, it turns out, is one of the least reliable forms of evidence allowed into courtrooms. (Via conference participants Kathleen McDermott and Henry Roediger.) 
 
6. Consciousness depends on manipulating time. Many cognitive abilities are important for consciousness, and we don’t yet have a complete picture. But it’s clear that the ability to manipulate time and possibility is a crucial feature. In contrast to aquatic life, land-based animals, whose vision-based sensory field extends for hundreds of meters, have time to contemplate a variety of actions and pick the best one. The origin of grammar allowed us to talk about such hypothetical futures with each other. Consciousness wouldn’t be possible without the ability to imagine other times. (Via conference participant Malcolm MacIver.) 
 
7. Disorder increases as time passes. At the heart of every difference between the past and future — memory, aging, causality, free will — is the fact that the universe is evolving from order to disorder. Entropy is increasing, as we physicists say. There are more ways to be disorderly (high entropy) than orderly (low entropy), so the increase of entropy seems natural. But to explain the lower entropy of past times we need to go all the way back to the Big Bang. We still haven’t answered the hard questions: why was entropy low near the Big Bang, and how does increasing entropy account for memory and causality and all the rest? (We heard great talks by David Albert and David Wallace, among others.) 
 
8. Complexity comes and goes. Other than creationists, most people have no trouble appreciating the difference between “orderly” (low entropy) and “complex.” Entropy increases, but complexity is ephemeral; it increases and decreases in complex ways, unsurprisingly enough. Part of the “job” of complex structures is to increase entropy, e.g. in the origin of life. But we’re far from having a complete understanding of this crucial phenomenon. (Talks by Mike Russell, Richard Lenski, Raissa D’Souza.) 
 
9. Aging can be reversed. We all grow old, part of the general trend toward growing disorder. But it’s only the universe as a whole that must increase in entropy, not every individual piece of it. (Otherwise it would be impossible to build a refrigerator.) Reversing the arrow of time for living organisms is a technological challenge, not a physical impossibility. And we’re making progress on a few fronts: stem cells, yeast, and even (with caveats) mice and human muscle tissue. As one biologist told me: “You and I won’t live forever. But as for our grandkids, I’m not placing any bets.” 
 
10. A lifespan is a billion heartbeats. Complex organisms die. Sad though it is in individual cases, it’s a necessary part of the bigger picture; life pushes out the old to make way for the new. Remarkably, there exist simple scaling laws relating animal metabolism to body mass. Larger animals live longer; but they also metabolize slower, as manifested in slower heart rates. These effects cancel out, so that animals from shrews to blue whales have lifespans with just about equal number of heartbeats — about one and a half billion, if you simply must be precise. In that very real sense, all animal species experience “the same amount of time.” At least, until we master #9 and become immortal. (Amazing talk by Geoffrey West.) 
 
Credit to <a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2011/09/01/ten-things-everyone-should-know-about-time/#.UfMSnI0wfX4">Discover Magazine</a>

“Time” is the most used noun in the English language, yet it remains a mystery. We’ve just completed an amazingly intense and rewarding m...

10 Interesting Facts About Animals

There are about one million different species of animals, birds, insects and fishes in the world. The majority of them can still be found in the world while many of them are endangered or nearing extinction. Here we have collected 10 interesting facts about animals, some which you are familiar with though you may be surprised about a few things and others that may have never heard about. 
 
1) Panamanian Golden Frog: 
 
 
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image credit: Flickr ucumari</td></tr>
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An amazing species of frog named Panamanian Golden Frog does not possess ears, but rather they listen with the help of their lungs.  Yes, those lungs multi-task for them in the most amazing way. These frogs are not the only species with the same functionality but there are many fish that also hear in the same manner. 
 
2) Groups of Animals: 
 
 
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Did you know that a group of fish is called a school, while a group of owls is called a parliament. 
 
3) Cows: 
 
 
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image credit: Flickr publicenergy</td></tr>
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A single cow releases vast amount of methane gas on a daily basis. The gas passed by a cow can fill about 400 litre bottles. 
 
4) Black Widow Spider: 
 
 
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The Black Widow, one of the most poisonous spiders’, can spin a web whose silk is the strongest of all other types of silks in the world. Another interesting fact about them is if a bird eats black widow, it is very much lights out for the bird. 
 
5) Woodpecker: 
 
 
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A woodpecker can peck on wood 20 times per second. Their average total pecks are 8,000 to 12,000 a day. A woodpecker was represented successfully by an artist Ben Hardway as fictional Woody Woodpecker. 
 
6) Sharks: 
 
 
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Sharks, one of the largest species of fishes, don’t have bones in their bodies. Their skeleton is made of cartilage (A flexible bone like man have in their ears and nose). An amazing thing about a Shark’s skeleton is that it can easy be crushed under their own weight while on dry land. 
 
7) Snails: 
 
 
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image credit: Flickr jimbrickett</td></tr>
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A species of snails named as Garden Snail have about 14,175 teeth that are located on its tongue. Another cool and interesting fact about snails is that they can sleep up to 3 years without any break. 
 
8 ) Centipede: 
 
 
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Centipedes existed on earth about 400 million years ago.  Although centipede means 100 feet, many people have witnessed quite larger centipedes, some of them with over 300 legs. 
 
9) Hyrax: 
 
 
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A Hyrax is a small rabbit liked animal with a weight of about 2 to 5 kg but amazingly this animal is known as the cousin of elephant.  Yes guys, its true, this animal is the nearest relative of an elephant. 
 
10) Dodo: 
 
 
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A Dodo, one of the national symbols of Mauritius, is no more in the world as it went extinct in 1681. Although we can see the imaginary shape of Dodo’s in documentaries and featured films, their original shape is still unknown as it existed before the cameras and there are no complete skeletons found yet. 
 
source from yesiknowthat.com

There are about one million different species of animals, birds, insects and fishes in the world. The majority of them can still be found in...

10 False Facts People Think As True

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Up until the late 16th century, everyone "knew" that the sun and planets revolved around the Earth. Up until the late 19th century, epidemic illnesses such as cholera and the plague were "known" to be caused by a poisonous mist filled with particles from rotting things. Up until the early 20th century, the most common procedure performed by surgeons for thousands of years was bloodletting, because we "knew" that blood drained from the body balanced the whacky humors responsible for poor health. Well alrighty then. 
 
But as misinformed as all that may sound now, our predecessors believed these "facts" with the same certainty that we believe that the Earth is round and hot fudge sundaes make us fat. 
 
Living in a time of such dazzling science and technology, we stand firmly behind our beliefs … even if so much of what we think we know to be correct is actually wrong. Here are some of the more common misconceptions, ideas that may have started as wives' tales or that came from a faulty study that was later proven wrong. Whatever the case may be, these facts are false. 
 
1. Going out in the cold with a wet head will make you sick 
"Put a hat on or you’ll catch your death of a cold," screeches every micromanaging momma as her charges march off into the winter wonderland. But in numerous studies addressing the topic, people who are chilled are no more likely to get sick than those who were not. And a wet or dry head makes no difference. (But these tips can help you stop a cold before it starts.) 
 
2. Vikings wore horned helmets 
Is there anything more "Viking warrior" than a helmet fitted with horns? Nary a portrayal shows the seafaring Norse pirates without the iconic headgear. Alas, horned hats were not worn by the warriors. Although the style did exist in the region, they were only used for early ceremonial purposes and had largely faded out by the time of the Vikings. Several major misidentifications got the myth rolling, and by the time costume designers for Wagner’s "Der Ring des Nibelungen" put horned helmets on the singers in the late 19th century, there was no going back. 
 
3. Sugar makes kids go bonkers 
The Journal of the American Medical Association published a review of 23 studies on the subject of kids and sugar, the conclusion: Sugar doesn’t affect behavior. And it's possible that it is the idea itself that is so ingrained as fact that it affects our perception. Case in point: In one study mothers were told that their sons had consumed a drink with a high sugar content. Although the boys had actually consumed sugar-free drinks, the mothers reported significantly higher levels of hyperactive behavior. That said, some scientists warn that sugar can make you dumb. 
 
4. You lose most of your body heat through your head 
Everyone knows that you lose somewhere around 98 percent of your body heat through your head, which is why you have to wear a hat in the cold. Except that you don’t. As reported in The New York Times and elsewhere, the amount of heat released by any part of the body depends mostly on the surface area — on a cold day you would lose more heat through an exposed leg or arm than a bare head. 
 
5. You will get arthritis from cracking your knuckles 
It seems reasonable, but it's not true either. You will not get arthritis from cracking your knuckles. There is no evidence of such an association, and in limited studies performed there was no change in occurrence of arthritis between "habitual knuckle crackers" and "non crackers." There have been several reports in medical literature that have linked knuckle cracking with injury of the ligaments surrounding the joint or dislocation of the tendons, but not arthritis.  
 
6. Napoleon was short 
Napoleon's height was once commonly given as 5 feet 2 inches, but many historians have now given him extra height. He was 5 feet 2 inches using French units, but when converted into Imperial units, the kind we are accustomed to, he measured almost 5 feet 7 inches inches tall — which was actually slightly taller than average for a man in France at the time. 
 
7. You have to stretch before exercise 
Stretching before exercise is the main way to improve performance and avoid injury, everyone stretches … but researchers have been finding that it actually slows you down. Experts reveal that stretching before a run can result in a 5 percent reduction of efficiency; meanwhile, Italian researchers studying cyclists confirmed that stretching is counterproductive. Furthermore, there has never been sufficient scientific evidence that pre-exercise stretching reduces injury risk. 
 
8. Cholesterol in eggs is bad for the heart 
The perceived association between dietary cholesterol and risk for coronary heart disease stems from dietary recommendations proposed in the 1960s that had little scientific evidence, other than the known association between saturated fat and cholesterol and animal studies where cholesterol was fed in amounts far exceeding normal intakes. Since then, study after study has found that dietary cholesterol (the cholesterol found in food) does not negatively raise your body’s cholesterol. It is the consumption of saturated fat that is the demon here. So eat eggs, don’t eat steak. 
 
9. Dogs age at seven years per one human year 
Your 3-year-old dog is 21 years old in human years, right? Not according to experts. The general consensus is that dogs mature faster than humans, reaching the equivalent of 21 years in only two, and then aging slows down to more like four human years per year. "Dog Whisperer" Cesar Millan’s site recommends this way to calculate your dog’s human-age equivalent: Subtract two from the age, multiply that by four and add 21. 
 
10. George Washington had wooden teeth 
Our first president starting losing his teeth in his 20s, but contrary to popular belief, his dentures were not made of wood. Although built-in toothpicks would have been handy, Washington had four sets of dentures that were made from gold, hippopotamus ivory, lead, and human and animal teeth (horse and donkey teeth were common components in the day). Also of note: The dentures had bolts to hold them together and springs to help them open, all the better to eat one of his favorite treats, Mary Washington's seriously delicious gingerbread. 
 
credit to mnn.com (mother nature network)

Up until the late 16th century, everyone "knew" that the sun and planets revolved around the Earth. Up until the late 19th cent...

Who wrote the Quran? Proof it wasn’t written by Humans

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Many critical thinkers believe that all religions are completely fabricated man-made lies that were invented in order to give power to evil men. I was one of these people as well, until I found proof after proof that the Quran couldn’t have been written by humans, especially not 1400 years ago. Being an atheist when I found these proofs, my initial conclusion was that the Quran had to have been written by Aliens. 
 
There are basically two types of evidence that prove the Quran wasn’t written by humans: 1 type is encoded into the actual text, but differently than the “bible code”. The encoded text does not create new phrases or words like the bible code, instead it focuses on the repetition of certain words and letters. As I will show, this code is not baseless numerology. The other type of evidence is scientific “miracles”; things which would have been impossible for a human to know at the time. 
 
I’ll talk about the scientific evidence first. The Quran talks about some of these proofs in allegorical terms, because the language was not developed enough to say them in truly scientific terms. For instance, the universe is claimed to be continually expanding: 
 
[51:47] We constructed the universe with might, and We are expanding it. 
 
The earth’s rotation is explained by: 
 
[27:88] When you look at the mountains, you think that they are standing still. But they are moving, like the clouds. Such is the manufacture of GOD, who perfected everything. He is fully Cognizant of everything you do. 
 
And again the earth’s rotation is explained by: 
 
[7:54] Your Lord is the one GOD, who created the heavens and the earth in six days, then assumed all authority. The night overtakes the day, as it pursues it persistently, and the sun, the moon, and the stars are committed to serve by His command. Absolutely, He controls all creation and all commands. Most Exalted is GOD, Lord of the universe. 
 
The night is always persuing the day when you look at the earth from space.  
 
Also the Quran specifies that the early stage of development for the Universe was gaseous: 
 
[41:11] Then He settled to the heaven, while it was still gas, and He said to it, and to the earth: “Come willingly or unwillingly.” They said, “We come willingly.” 
 
Furthermore, the Big Bang is talked about in the Quran, where everything came from a SINGULARITY: 
 
[21:30]Did those who reject not see that the heavens and the earth were one mass and We tore them apart? That We made from the water everything that lives. Will they not acknowledge? 
 
Also this verse brings up the fact that every living thing was created from water. This supports the theory of evolution. Many other times it is said in the Quran that human beings were created from clay. This is an allegory for saying that human beings are made from earthly materials, not from “fire” or energy, like the “jinn beings”. 
 
[15:27] As for the jinns, we created them, before that, from blazing fire 
 
Evolution is explained as a TOOL OF CREATION in the following verses: 
 
[71:14] “While He created you in stages?” 
 
[71:15]“Did you not see how God created seven heavens in harmony?” 
 
[71:16] “He made the moon to illuminate in them, and He made the sun to be a lit flame?” 
 
[71:17]“God made you grow from the earth as plants.” 
 
And also evolution is explained: 
 
[29:19] Did they not observe how God initiates the creation then He returns it? All that for God is easy to do. 
 
 
[29:20] Say, “Roam the earth and observe how the creation was initiated. Then God will establish the final design. God is capable of all things.” 
 
____________ 
 
[24:45] God created every moving creature from water. So some of them move on their bellies, and some walk on two legs, and some walk on four. God creates whatever He wills. God is capable of all things. 
 
Also, the embryonic development of a child is explained before science had ever analyzed these things. 
 
[23:14] Then We created the seed into an embryo, then We created the embryo into a fetus, then We created the fetus into bone, then We covered the bone with flesh, then We brought forth a new creation. So glory be to God, the best of creators. 
 
The word that is translated as “fetus” is the Arabic word “alaq”, which literally means “hanging thing”. They didn’t have a word at the time for “fetus”. 
 
Also, the mountains are talked about as “pegs” or “roots”which help stabilize the crustal plates from shifting so much. This theory is very new to geologists even today, but is talked about in this article here: 
 
Mountain Ranges Rise Much More Rapidly Than Geologists Expected 
 
[78:6] Did We not make the earth a resting ground? 
 
[78:7] The mountains as pegs? 
 
They are talked about again: 
 
[16:15] He has cast into the earth stabilizers so that it does not sway with you, and rivers, and paths, perhaps you will be guided. 
 
Also, evaporation is allegorically explained by: 
 
[25:53] He is the One who merges the two bodies of water. This is fresh and palatable and this is salty and bitter. He made between them a partition and an inviolable barrier. 
 
The seas on earth are salty. The sea of water vapor in the sky is fresh and palatable. The evaporation is the the inviolable barrier between them. 
 
Now I will talk about the numerical codes and miracles in the Quran, which prove it couldn’t have been written by humans. At the minimum it would need a computer. 
 
Even before the actual “code” was found, people realized there were many numerical coincidences in the Quran. For instance: 
 
The word “month” (shahr) occurs 12 times. 
The word “day” (yawm) occurs 365 times. 
The word “days” (eyyam, yawmeyn) occurs 30 times. 
The words “satan” (shaytan) & “angel” (malak), each occur 88 times. 
The words “this world” (dunya) and “hereafter” (ahirah), each occur 115 times. 
What’s miraculous about the fact that the word “day” occurs 365 times, is that at the time (and still today), the Arabians were using what’s called the Lunar calandar, which only has 354 days in a year. So the Quran acknowledged the full Solar calandar, the number of months in a year, and the average number of days in a month. 
 
Then in 1974 the numerical code was discovered, focused on the number 19. 
 
It is specifically talked about in the following verses: 
 
[74:30] On it is nineteen. 
 
[74:31] We appointed angels to be guardians of Hell, and we assigned their number (19) (1) to disturb the disbelievers, (2) to convince the Christians and Jews (that this is a divine scripture), (3) to strengthen the faith of the faithful, (4) to remove all traces of doubt from the hearts of Christians, Jews, as well as the believers, and (5) to expose those who harbor doubt in their hearts, and the disbelievers; they will say, “What did GOD mean by this allegory?” GOD thus sends astray whomever He wills, and guides whomever He wills. None knows the soldiers of your Lord except He. This is a reminder for the people. 
 
The 19 based code was discovered because in 29 of the chapters of the Quran, it is prefaced by letters which had no meaning whatsoever. Combinations, like “H.M.” or “Q” or “A.L.M”, etc. When trying to find the meaning of these initials, it was discovered that when added up, their repetition in the chapter was always a multiple of 19. Once this was found, more miracles came to surface: 
 
* The first verse, i.e., the opening statement “Bismillahirrahmanirrahim”, shortly “Basmalah,” consists of 19 Arabic letters. This is the most frequented statement in the Quran. It prefaces every chapter, but is not a numbered verse in every chapter but the first. Because of this, only the first “Bismallah” is counted. 
 
* The first word of Basmalah, Ism (name), withouth conraction, occurs in the Quran 19 times. 
 
* The second word of Basmalah, Allah (God) occurs 2698 times, or 19×142. 
 
* The third word of Basmalah, Rahman (Gracious) occurs 57 times, or 19×3. 
 
* The fourth word of Basmalah, Rahim (Merciful) occurs 114 times, or 19×6. 
 
* The multiplication factors of the words of the Basmalah (1+142+3+6) add up to 152 or 19×8. 
 
* The Quran consists of 114 chapters, which is 19×6. 
 
* The total number of verses in the Quran including all unnumbered Basmalahs is 6346, or 19×334. If you add the digits of that number, 6+3+4+6 equals 19. 
 
* The Basmalah occurs 114 times, (despite its conspicuous absence from chapter 9, it occurs twice in chapter 27) and 114 is 19×6. 
 
* From the missing Basmalah of chapter 9 to the extra Basmalah of chapter 27, there are precisely 19 chapters. 
 
* The occurrence of the extra Basmalah is in 27:30. The number of the chapter and the verse add up to 57, or 19×3. 
 
* Each letter of the Arabic alphabet corresponds to a number according to their original sequence in the alphabet. The Arabs were using this system for calculations. When the Quran was revealed 14 centuries ago, the numbers known today did not exist. A universal system was used where the letters of the Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek alphabets were used as numerals. The number assigned to each letter is its “Gematrical Value.” The numerical values of the Arabic alphabet are shown below: [the table is omitted] 
 
* A study on the gematrical values of about 120 attributes of God which are mentioned in the Quran, shows that only four attributes have gematrical values which are multiples of 19. These are “Wahid” (One), “Zul Fadl al Azim” (Possessor of Infinite Grace), “Majid” (Glorous), “Jaami” (Summoner). Their gematrical value are 19 , 2698, 57, and 114 respectively, which are all divisible by 19 and correspond exactly to the frequencies of occurrence of the Basmalah’s four words. 
 
* The total numbers of verses where the word “Allah” (God) occurs, add up to 118123, and is 19×6217. 
 
* The total occurrences of the word Allah (God) in all the verses whose numbers are multiples of 19 is 133, or 19×7. 
 
* The key commandment: “You shall devote your worship to God alone” (in Arabic “Wahdahu”) occurs in 7:70; 39:45; 40:12,84; and 60:4. The total of these numbers adds up to 361, or 19×19. 
 
* The Quran is characterized by a unique phenomenon that is not found in any other book: 29 chapters are prefixed with “Quranic Initials” which remained mysterious for 1406 years. With the discovery of the code 19, we realized their major role in the Quran’s mathematical structure. The initials occur in their respective chapters in multiples of 19. For example, Chapter 19 has five letters in its beginning, K.H.Y.A’.SS., and the total occurrence of these letters in this chapter is 798, or 19×42. 
 
* To witness the details of the miracle of these initials, a short chapter which begins with one initial, letter “Q”, will be a good example. The frequency of “Q” in chapter 50 is 57, or 19×3. The letter “Q” occurs in the other Q-initialed chapter, i.e., chapter 42, exactly the same number of times, 57. The total occurrence of the letter “Q” in the two Q-initialed chapters is 114, which equals the number of chapters in the Quran. The description of the Quran as “Majid” (Glorious) is correlated with the frequency of occurrence of the letter “Q” in each of the Q-initialed chapters. The word “Majid” has a gematrical value of 57. Chapter 42 consists of 53 verses, and 42+53 is 95, or 19×5. Chapter 50 consists of 45 verses, and 50+45 is 95, or 19×5. 
 
* The Quran mentions 30 different cardinal numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 99, 100, 200, 300, 1000, 2000, 3000, 5000, 50000, & 100000. The sum of these numbers is 162146, which equals 19×8534. 
 
* In addition to 30 cardinal numbers, the Quran contains 8 fractions: 1/10, 1/8, 1/6, 1/5, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3. Thus, the Quran contains 38 (19×2) different numbers. The total of fractions is approximately 2. 
 
* If we write down the number of each verse in the Quran, one next to the other, preceded by the number of verses in each chapter, the resulting long number consists of 12692 digits (19×668). Additionally, the huge number itself is also a multiple of 19. 
 
It is significant that the same 19-based mathematical composition was discovered by Rabbi Judah in the 12th century AD in a preserved part of the Old Testament. Below is a quote from “Studies In Jewish Mysticism”. 
 
The people (Jews) in France made it a custom to add (in the morning prayer) the words: ” ’Ashrei temimei derekh (blessed are those who walk the righteous way),” and our Rabbi, the Pious, of blessed memory, wrote that they were completely and utterly wrong. It is all gross falsehood, because there are only nineteen times that the Holy Name is mentioned (in that portion of the morning prayer), . . . and similarly you find the word Elohim nineteen times in the pericope of Ve-’elleh shemot . . . . “Similarly, you find that Israel were called “sons” nineteen times, and there are many other examples. All these sets of nineteen are intricately intertwined, and they contain many secrets and esoteric meanings, which are contained in more than eight volumes. Therefore, anyone who has the fear of God in him will not listen to the words of the Frenchmen who add the verse ” ’Ashrei temimei derekh (blessed are those who walk in the paths of God’s Torah, for according to their additions the Holy Name is mentioned twenty times . . . and this is a great mistake. Furthermore, in this section there are 152 words, but if you add ” ’Ashrei temimei derekh” there are 158 words. This is nonsense, for it is a great and hidden secret why there should be 152 words . . .” (Studies In Jewish Mysticism, Joseph Dan, Association for Jewish Studies. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1978, p 88.) 
 
Also, wars between aliens are talked about in the Quran: 
 
[15:16] We placed galaxies in the sky, and adorned it for the beholders.  
[15:17] And we guarded it against every rejected devil. 
[15:18] If any of them sneaks around to listen, a fierce flame will chase him back.  
 
[55:33] O you jinns and humans, if you can penetrate the outer limits of the heavens and the earth, go ahead and penetrate. You cannot penetrate without authorization. [55:34] Which of your Lord’s marvels can you deny? [55:35] You get bombarded with projectiles of fire and metal, and you cannot win. 
 
[67:5] We adorned the lowest universe with lamps, and guarded its borders with projectiles against the devils; we prepared for them a retribution in Hell. 
 
After looking at all these proofs it was pretty easy for me to conclude that the Quran was NOT written by humans. Because I was atheist, my initial reaction was that the Quran was written by Aliens. After reading it, I believe it was written by God.. But that’s an act of faith on my part. 
 
source from topinfopost.com

Many critical thinkers believe that all religions are completely fabricated man-made lies that were invented in order to give power to ev...

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